High-profile law enforcement operations against illegal wildlife trade (IWT), such as Interpol’s Operation Thunderball in July and the arrest of notorious trafficker Moazu Kromah in Uganda in June 2019, have drawn welcome attention to IWT as a financial and organised crime and not only a conservation issue.

Yet in working to strengthen legal frameworks and law enforcement capacity in countries that suffer from high levels of IWT, we must not forget the social drivers and facilitators behind wildlife trafficking – factors that laws alone are powerless to change.

This quick guide by Claudia Baez Camargo, Head of Governance Research, draws on Ms Baez Camargo's decades of research on social norms and their implications for anti-corruption practice. She explores:

  • What is a social norm?
  • How do social norms drive and perpetuate corrupt behaviour?
  • The case of health facilities in East Africa
  • How to identify social norms that drive corrupt behaviour
  • What are the implications for anti-corruption practice?

And finally:

“We see countries where corruption is endemic in spite of them having adopted all the recommended legal and institutional frameworks and best practices. Most receive ratings with flying colours for their formal anti-corruption systems and in practice they do very little.”

This was an observation of Claudia Baez Camargo, Head of Governance Research at the Basel Institute on Governance, in a new report published by The Economist Intelligence Unit and UNOPS. 

This quick guide draws on a more comprehensive blog by Claudia Baez Camargo published on the website of the Global Integrity Anti-Corruption Evidence (GI-ACE) research programme.

Find more details on the GI-ACE anti-corruption research projects led by Dr Baez Camargo’s team at the Basel Institute on Governance, as well as other pioneering research on social norms and implications for anti-corruption practice, at the end of this guide.

A new research project led by the Basel Institute's Public Governance team aims to help anti-corruption practitioners design more effective interventions by taking into account – and in fact leveraging – the informal relationships and social networks that underlie people's behaviour.